Hexagram 38:

kuíestrangement

Upper TrigramFire
Lower TrigramLake

Judgment

kuíestrangement, divergence, polarization; odd
xiǎo(in) little, small, minor, ordinary, common
shìmatters, concerns, affairs, endeavors (are)
promising, auspicious, opportune, timely

Opposition. In small matters, good fortune. When people live in opposition and estrangement they cannot carry out great undertakings together, but in small matters success can still be expected. Opposition does not preclude all agreement.

Image

shàng(up) above; rises
huǒ(is) (a, the) fire, flame; (the) fire, flame
xià(and, while) (down) below; descends
(is) (a, the) lake, pool, pond, marsh
kuíestrangement
jūn(a, the) noble, worthy, honored
young one, heir, disciple
accordingly, therefore, thus
tóngassociate, join, converge, concur, affiliate
érbut (still), (and) yet (is also)
(is) unique, separate, different, (a) strange(r)

Above fire, below the lake. The superior man amid all fellowship retains his individuality. The cultured person is never led into baseness through intercourse with persons of another sort.

Digital Artifact

Depeche Mode's 'People Are People': Unity Through Difference

Depeche Mode (1984)

Fire above, lake below. Two elements that can't mingle but can coexist. Depeche Mode in 1984 makes electronic music that sounds nothing like the rock establishment, and that's the point. 'People Are People'—we're different, our approaches diverge, but the divergence itself creates productive tension. Not fusion, not compromise, but maintained polarity that generates energy. The band members have wildly different personalities: Martin Gore writes delicate, emotionally raw synth pieces; Dave Gahan wants to be a rock frontman; Alan Wilder is the technical perfectionist; Andy Fletcher is the steady anchor. They shouldn't work together. Fire and water don't mix. But the opposition creates the art. Wilhelm says opposition within a comprehensive whole has useful and important functions—the oppositions of heaven and earth, when reconciled, bring about creation and reproduction of life. Depeche Mode never reconciles their differences. They maintain them, use them, let the friction generate the sound. Polarity as creative force.

Historical Context

Period
Zhou Dynasty
Oracle Bone Etymology
Fire (☲) above, Lake (☱) below—the Clinging mounted on the Joyous. Flame burns upward, water seeps downward. Movements in direct contrast.
Traditional Use
Wilhelm describes this as people whose wills are not the same but divergently directed. Yet opposition within a comprehensive whole serves useful functions—enabling differentiation by categories through which order is brought into the world.

Lines

Line 1: 悔亡喪馬勿逐自復見惡人無咎

huǐregret(s), remorse; regret, repent (and)
wángpass, disappear, dissolve; move on
sàng(a, the) lost, missing, vanished
horse
do not; is, must, should, ought not (to)
zhú(be) pursue, follow, chase (d); run after
(and) of, on it's own (accord); by itself
(it) returns, comes back, home
jiàn(to, upon) see, meet, observe, witness (ing)
è(the) evil, ugly, bad, wrong (ness); worst
rén(in) people, others, someone
is not; (simply) avoid; no
jiùto blame; (a) mistake(s); make v mistakes

Line 2: 遇主于巷無咎

meeting (with), encountering, receiving
zhǔ(a, the) master, leader, superior; [main man]
in, on, along (the)
xiàngalley; back, side street, road; narrow lane
no; not; nothing; without, with no; avoiding
jiùblame; (is) wrong; (a) mistake, (an) error (s)

Line 3: 見輿曳其牛掣其人天且劓無初有終

jiànseeing, watching, witnessing
輿(a, the) wagon, carriage, cart
(being) held up; dragged, pulled back
its, the
niúoxen, cattle
chèhindered, held up, reined in, restrained +
its, the; occupant's; (its, the) driver's
rénoccupant's; (its, the) driver's
tiānhead shaved (bald to heaven), branded
qiěand (even, also, further); as well as
(his, the) nose cut off
regardless of; not much of
chū(a, the) beginning, start, first steps
yǒu(but) there is, will be; (it, this) has, will have
zhōng(a, an) conclusion, end, outcome, limit

Line 4: 睽孤遇元夫交孚厲無咎

kuíestranged, separated, distant, alienated
(and) (all) alone, isolated, solitary, lonely
meet, encounter, fall (ing) in with
yuán(a, an) first-rate, superior, original, unique
(gentle)man, master; someone, one who is
jiāoexchange, share, combine, interact (ing)
(in, with) trust, conviction, confidence (s)
(the) difficulty, adversity, distress, hardship
(is) not; no (longer)
jiù(a) wrong(ness); (a) mistake; (an) error

Line 5: 悔亡厥宗噬膚往何咎

huǐregret(s), remorse; regret, repent (and)
wángpass, disappear, dissolve; move on
juéits, their, his, her, this, these
zōngkind, kindred, fellows, clan; ancestors
shìeat, bite; chew on, up; ate
(soft, tender) meat, pork, flesh
wǎng(in) going, continuing, moving (on, onward)
where is, what is, how is there
jiù(the) blame, error, wrong, harm?

Line 6: 睽孤見豕負塗載鬼一車先張之弧後說之弧匪寇婚媾往遇雨則吉

kuíestranged, separated, distant, alienated
(and) (all) alone, isolated, solitary, lonely
jiànseeing, watching, witnessing, observing
shǐ(a) pig, hog, swine, boar
covered, plastered, caked with, (wearing)
filth, mud, muck, mire
zàihaul, transport, convey, cart (s, ing)
guǐdemons, devils, goblins, ghouls, ghosts
(and, in, with) (a) (single), one; once
chēwagon, carriage, cart
xiān(at) first, initially, beginning (by)
zhāngstretch, tense, string, draw (ing)
zhīthe, his, one's, that
(long)bow
hòu(and, but) then, later, after(wards, that)
shuōrelaxing, loosening, unstringing
zhīthe, his, one's, that
(long)bow
fěiit, (this is) not
kòu(a, an) assailant, adversary, enemy, robber
hūn(but) (a) marital, marriage-minded
gòusuitor, prospect, groom
wǎngin going; continuing, moving on
greet, meet, face, accept, encounter
(the) rain
(and, since) then; after, beyond this, that
promising, lucky; good fortune; all is well

Practical Guidance

You're working with people or systems that fundamentally operate differently from you. This isn't a problem to solve—it's a condition to understand and use. Here's the crucial insight: don't try to bring about unity by force. That's like running after a horse that's gone—it only goes farther away. If it's your horse, it will return on its own. If someone belongs with you, they'll come back after a misunderstanding without you forcing it. If they don't belong, trying to force connection only creates real hostility instead of mere difference. Depeche Mode figured this out: the band worked precisely because they didn't try to become the same. Martin Gore didn't become a rock frontman. Dave Gahan didn't become a synth nerd. They each maintained their nature and let the differences create productive friction. The hedge opens naturally when you stop butting against it. In situations of opposition, you limit yourself to small matters where cooperation is still possible. Don't try to force grand unified theories or comprehensive solutions. Work on the specific problems where your different approaches actually complement rather than cancel. Maintain your individuality—your fire remains fire, their water remains water. The cultured person isn't led into baseness through intercourse with another sort. Regardless of commingling, individuality is preserved. The failure mode is isolation that comes from misunderstanding—seeing your companion as a pig covered with dirt, as a wagon full of devils. Drawing your bow against someone who's actually approaching with good intentions. The rain falls when you realize the mistake. The union resolves the tension at the climax. Opposition changes over to its antithesis exactly when it reaches maximum intensity. So maintain yourself. Don't force unity. Work in small matters where alignment is natural. Trust that opposition within a comprehensive whole serves its purpose.

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