Hexagram 28: 大過

dà guògreatness in excess

Upper TrigramLake
Lower TrigramWind

Judgment

greatness, importance, growth; the great
guòin, to excess, extreme; surpasses; inundation
dòngthe ridgepole; main, ridge beam, board
náobends, flexes, yields, deflects, sags
worthwhile, rewarding, beneficial
yǒuto have, find, take on; if there is
yōusomewhere; a place, direction, purpose
wǎngto go, move towards; in going; ahead
hēngfulfillment, satisfaction, success, completion

Preponderance of the Great. The ridgepole sags to breaking point. It furthers one to have somewhere to go. Success. The bridge needed to support transitional traffic, not permanent load. Extraordinary measures for extraordinary times—but you must keep moving. Stasis means collapse.

Image

a lake, pond, pool, marsh
miècovers, hides, buries, rises over, submerges
the trees, woods
greatness
guòin excess
jūnnoble, worthy, honored
young one, heir, disciple
accordingly, therefore, thus
all alone, in solitude; lonely
stands; takes, makes a stand
without, with no, regardless of; and un-
fear, dread, apprehension, alarm; daunted
dùnand withdraws, retreats, steps back from
shìthe, this world, age, time, epoch, generation
without, with no, regardless of; free of
mènsorrow, sadness, grief, mourning

Lake rises above trees: extraordinary times. The superior man stands alone unconcerned, renounces the world undaunted. When the bridge was twisting itself apart, the camera kept rolling. The dog's owner tried to rescue it, got bitten, retreated. Sometimes you document the catastrophe and accept the loss.

Digital Artifact

The Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse

Reality (physics) vs. Leon Moisseiff (engineer) (1940)

Galloping Gertie—the nickname for the Tacoma Narrows Bridge before it tore itself apart four months after opening. Leon Moisseiff designed it as the most elegant suspension bridge ever built: slender, graceful, efficient. Too efficient. Too much strength in the middle (the 2,800-foot main span), too little at the edges (shallow support trusses). Wind created oscillation, oscillation created resonance, resonance created catastrophic failure. The bridge twisted, buckled, collapsed into Puget Sound. Captured on film: the only human casualty was a dog trapped in a car, and the physics is so clear you can watch exactly how excessive strength in the center leads to destruction when the ends can't support it. The image is perfect: beam strong in the middle, weak at the ends, must be crossed quickly or collapse is inevitable.

Historical Context

Period
Zhou Dynasty
Oracle Bone Etymology
Lake (☱) above, Wind (☴) below—joyousness over gentle penetration.
Traditional Use
The classical text describes preponderance of the great: four strong lines inside, two weak lines outside. The ridgepole sags to breaking point.

Lines

Line 1: 藉用白茅無咎

jièfor, the cushions, ing, offering mats
yòngusing, trying; making use of; with, of
báiwhite, plain, simple
máothatch, mao grass, reeds
no; not
jiùblame; wrong; mistake, error

Line 2: 枯楊生稊老夫得其女妻無不利

a, the withered, dried up, tired old
yángpoplar, willow
shēngsends out, brings forth, grows, sprouts
a new, green shoot, sucker, sprout
lǎoan, the old, older, aged, aging, elder, senior
gentleman, man, master
finds, gets, gains
his own, for himself
a maiden; young lady, girl, woman
companion, consort; to marry
without; there is nothing
doubt; that is not; which cannot be
worthwhile; turned to advantageous

Line 3: 棟橈凶

dòngthe ridgepole; ridge beam, board, spine
náois deformed, crooked, warped; buckles
xiōngominous, unfortunate, ill-omened, trouble

Line 4: 棟隆吉有它吝

dòngthe ridgepole; ridge beam, board, spine
lóngholds, bears, curves upward; is ample
promising, fortunate, auspicious, hopeful
yǒuif it, there was, were there; to have, take
tuōany, added, much more; additional, added
lìnthen inadequacy; too little; deficiency

Line 5: 枯楊生華老婦得其士夫無咎無譽

a, the withered, dried up, tired old
yángpoplar, willow
shēngsends out, brings forth, bears
huáflowers, blossoms
lǎoan, the old, older, aged, aging, elder, senior
woman, lady, matron
finds, gets, gains
her own, for herself
shìa young gentleman, male; bachelor
as husband, companion, consort; to marry
no, without, with no; nothing
jiùto blame, fault
no, without, with no; nothing
to praise, acclaim

Line 6: 過涉滅頂凶無咎

guòtoo much of; an excessive, inundated
shèa, to crossing, ford, wade into; experience
miècovering, hiding, rising over, immersing
dǐngthe, one's head, topknot, crown, scalp
xiōngunfortunate, ominous, brutal, unlucky
but no; not; without, with no
jiùblame; wrong; an error; make mistake

Practical Guidance

Something's out of balance. You know it. The structure you've built—project, relationship, system architecture—is heavy in the middle and weak at the edges. It's working, technically. Like Galloping Gertie worked for four months. But the oscillation is visible if you're watching. Here's what this probably means: you're in exceptional conditions. The classical text's counsel isn't about stabilizing what can't be stabilized—it's about moving through dangerous terrain quickly. The bridge engineers' mistake wasn't the design. It was assuming they could make it permanent. If they'd built it as temporary infrastructure, it would have been fine. The pattern appears everywhere: over-engineered core, neglected peripherals. Brilliant central algorithm, terrible error handling. The system works until edge cases start resonating, then catastrophic failure. Or in projects: huge investment in primary feature, minimal attention to deployment, monitoring, maintenance. Four strong lines in the middle, two weak at the ends. Your job right now isn't fixing the edges—it's too late for that if you're already here. Your job is having somewhere to go. Transition through the dangerous structure quickly. Ship the MVP, get it into production, then rebuild properly. The alternative is standing still on Galloping Gertie, hoping the oscillation stops, filming your own disaster. When you know the structure is precarious, each step requires care. This isn't paranoia—it's physics. And sometimes the water goes over your head. Sometimes you don't make it across. If you knew that going in and chose to cross anyway because something mattered more than safety, that's not failure. That's cost accounting. The bridge's replacement, built in 1950, got nicknamed 'Sturdy Gertie.' They used the same tower pedestals and cable anchorages—the foundation was sound. They just had to build the deck properly. Sometimes the core infrastructure is fine; you just need to admit the superstructure can't hold and rebuild it while you still can.

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