Hexagram 23:

decompose, break down, strip(ing) away

Upper TrigramMountain
Lower TrigramEarth

Judgment

decompose, break down, strip(ing) away
(it) (is) not (much); will not be; nothing
worth(while), reward(ing), benefit(icial)
yǒu(to, in) have, find, take(ing) (on)
yōusomewhere; (a) place, direction, purpose
wǎngto go, move towards; in going; ahead

Splitting Apart. It does not further one to go anywhere. The time for action has passed. The right behavior is submission and quiet waiting—not cowardice but wisdom.

Image

shān(a, the) mountain
added, in addition; depends, (is) contingent
to; on, upon
(the) earth, ground, land
decomposing
shàng(a, the) superior(s), lofty; those above
accordingly, therefore, thus
hòu(is, are) generous, tolerant, genuine (to, with)
xià(a, the) subordinate(s), lowly, those below
ān(in, to) secure, ensure, confirm, settle(ing)
zhái(a, their) place, position, base; dwelling(s)

The mountain rests on the earth: the image of Splitting Apart. Thus those above can ensure their position only by giving generously to those below. Leaders maintain stability not through pride but through broad support.

Digital Artifact

ENIAC Decommissioning

U.S. Army (1955)

ENIAC—Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer—first general-purpose electronic computer. Unveiled 1946, filled an entire room, 18,000 vacuum tubes, calculated artillery trajectories. By 1955: obsolete. Transistors were coming. ENIAC's vacuum tubes failed constantly, required enormous power, couldn't compete with newer architectures. So the Army shut it down. Five dark lines, one light line at the top about to be overwhelmed. The splitting apart was inevitable—not because anyone wanted it, but because time conditions demanded it. You can't fight technological obsolescence through force of will. The smart move, per the classical text: don't undertake action. Submit to the time. Let the mountain (ENIAC's institutional prestige) rest on earth's broad foundation rather than trying to stand proud and steep. The engineers who worked on ENIAC didn't stop computing; they moved to new systems. Some withdrew from practical work entirely—like line six, setting themselves higher goals, creating human values for the future in teaching and research. The splitting apart wasn't failure; it was recognition that yin power (new technology, market forces, physical limitations) had its season. The seed of good remained: ENIAC's architecture influenced everything that came after.

Historical Context

Period
Zhou Dynasty
Oracle Bone Etymology
Mountain (☶) sits above, Earth (☷) sits below—mountain resting on earth, requiring broad base for stability.
Traditional Use
The classical text describes dark lines mounting upward to overthrow the last light line through gradual disintegration. Linked to ninth month (October-November), when yin power pushes upward to supplant yang entirely.

Lines

Line 1: 剝床以足蔑貞凶

depriving, stripping, abridging, reducing
chuáng(the) bed, couch, divan, platform
of (the use of); by (taking)
(the, its) legs, support, basis, stand, footing
miè(to) dismiss, disregard, ignore, disdain (such)
zhēnpersistence, loyalty, steadfastness, truth
xiōng(is) unfortunate, ill-omened; has pitfalls

Line 2: 剝床以辨蔑貞凶

depriving, stripping, abridging, reducing
chuáng(the) bed, couch, divan, platform
of (the use of); by (taking)
biàn(the, its) frame, context, distinction(-iveness)
miè(to) dismiss, ignore, disdain(ing) (such)
zhēnpersistence, loyalty, steadfastness, truth
xiōng(is) unfortunate, ill-omened; has pitfalls

Line 3: 剝之無咎

depriving, curtailing, abridging, cutting back
zhīitself; oneself, one's own; here; this
is not, no; is without; avoids, escapes
jiùblame; wrong; (a) mistake, (an) error(s)

Line 4: 剝床以膚凶

depriving, stripping, abridging, reducing
chuáng(the) bed, couch, divan [of complacency]
of (the use of); by (taking); for
(the, its) flesh, skin, meat [its occupant]
xiōngunfortunate, ill-omened, ominous, brutal

Line 5: 貫魚以宮人寵無不利

guàn(a) string(line), line, thread; [suc-, pro- cession]
of fish(es); [prosperous, contented people]
by (way, means) of; through, with; due to
gōng(the) palace, (large, upper class) household
rénoccupants', inhabitants', personnel's, staff's
chǒngsponsorship, kindness, favor, esteem
without; (there is) nothing
doubt; (that) (is) not; (which) cannot be
worthwhile, (turned to) advantage(ous)

Line 6: 碩果不食君子得輿小人剝廬

shuò(the) ripe, plump, large(est); (over)ripe
guǒfruit (realization, conclusion, outcome, result)
is not; will not be; avoids, escapes; goes un-
shí(being) eaten, consumed, fed upon; food
jūn(a, the) noble, worthy, honored
young one, heir, disciple
gains, finds, occupies, receives, claims
輿support, basis, ground, transport, carriage
xiǎo(as, while) (the) average, common, petty
rénones, folk, people
(are) deprived of; tear down, scavenge, loot
(their)(own) hovels, shacks, shanties, slums

Practical Guidance

The project is failing. Or the relationship is ending. Or the technology is obsolete. The market has moved on. You can feel it—foundation splitting, structure unsound, and no amount of effort will reverse the decay. Here's what the text knows: it's not your doing. It's time conditions. This isn't personal failure. It's natural cycle. Yin and yang alternate. What rises must fall. The question isn't whether to prevent the split—you can't—but how to behave during the splitting. Wrong response: stubborn perseverance, acting as if force of will can counter time itself. This leads to greater loss. You'll be destroyed with the collapsing structure. Right response: docility and devotion, stillness. Accept what's happening. Don't recoil from it, but don't fight it either. Submit and wait. The lines show the progression: first the subordinate positions fail. Junior developers leave. Then the danger approaches you directly—your own position becomes untenable. Then you must split with the failing system even if that brings opposition. By line four, disaster is unavoidable. But line five offers nuance: if you lack power alone, able helpers can enable graceful reform if not new beginning. That's praiseworthy. Damage control. Managed sunset. Orderly transition. Line six is for rare individuals—those developed enough to withdraw entirely, refusing to mingle in worldly affairs, setting themselves higher goals. Most of us aren't there. But understanding that this option exists, that sometimes the right move is complete withdrawal to create incomparable future value, that's valuable context. Let it split. The seed of good remains. Focus on what comes after.

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