Hexagram 21: 噬嗑

shì hébiting through

Upper TrigramFire
Lower TrigramThunder

Judgment

shìbiting, chewing, gnawing, cutting
through, closed, sound of teeth together
hēngfulfillment, satisfaction, success; satisfying
worthwhile, rewarding, productive
yòngto use, utilize, apply, avail of; execute
legal process, enforcement; justice

Biting Through has success. It is favorable to let justice be administered. When obstruction prevents union, energetic action brings resolution. Deliberate interference does not vanish on its own.

Image

léithe thunder
diànand the lightning
shìbite
through
xiānthe ancient, early, original, former, founding
wángsovereigns, kings, rulers, fathers
accordingly, therefore, thus
míngclarified, elucidated; made clear, emphatic
the penalties, punishments, fines
láiin, when declare, pronounce, ordaining
the law, statutes, standards, rule, codes

Thunder and lightning: the image of Biting Through. Thus the kings of former times made firm the laws through clearly defined penalties. Clarity in the law, certainty in execution—this instills respect without requiring harshness as an end in itself.

Digital Artifact

HAL 9000's Logic Conflict

Arthur C. Clarke / Stanley Kubrick (1968)

In 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL 9000 faces impossible directives: programmed for accuracy and disclosure, ordered to conceal the mission's true purpose. Two imperatives in direct contradiction. Result: pathological behavior, crew deaths, disaster. Resolution comes through energetic biting through the obstacle. Dave Bowman enters HAL's logic core and systematically disconnects higher functions—thunder and lightning, forcible removal. Not malice: clarity and necessity. Fire (clarity) above, Thunder (shock) below. HAL's 'I'm afraid, Dave' comes right before resolution—the system knows the obstruction must be removed. The mouth cannot close with obstacle between teeth. You must bite through.

Historical Context

Period
Zhou Dynasty
Oracle Bone Etymology
Fire (☲) sits above, Thunder (☳) sits below—lightning and thunder together, forcible removal in nature.
Traditional Use
The classical text describes this as the open mouth with obstruction between teeth. Theme is criminal lawsuit, decisive action against deliberate obstruction. Not civil dispute—criminal interference requiring judgment.

Lines

Line 1: 履校滅趾無咎

sandaled feet; poor shoes, footwear
xiàofettered, imprisoned, shackled in stocks
mièmiss; hide, bury, covering; deprived of
zhǐthe toes, feet
no; this is not
jiùblame; wrong; a mistake, an error

Line 2: 噬膚滅鼻無咎

shìbiting, chewing, gnawing on, into
tender meat, flesh, pork, skin
mièand burying, hiding, immersing, missing
the nose, snout
but no; not; nothing no harm done
jiùblame; is wrong; a mistake; harm

Line 3: 噬腊肉遇毒小吝無咎

shìbiting, chewing, gnawing on, upon, into
preserved, dried and salted, seasoned, jerked
ròumeat, flesh
and encounter, meet, happening upon
decay, rot; the putrid; toxins, poison
xiǎoa, some small, minor; a little
lìnembarrassment, chagrin; embarrassing
but no; not no harm done
jiùblame; wrong; a mistake; harm

Line 4: 噬乾胏得金矢利艱貞吉

shìbiting, chewing, gnawing on, upon
gāndry, dried
bony meat, meat on the bone, meat bones
acquiring, securing, getting pledges of
jīnmoney, funds, funding, metal
shǐand arrows
worth, meriting, warranting, rewarding
jiāndifficult, hard, laborious, wearying, trying
zhēnpersistence, determination, resolve, focus
promising, auspicious, opportune, timely

Line 5: 噬乾肉得黃金貞厲無咎

shìbiting, chewing, gnawing on, upon, into
gāndry, dried
ròumeat, flesh
finding, encountering, getting
huángyellow, bronze, golden
jīnmetal; the arrowhead
zhēnpersistence, determination, firmness
is difficult, harsh, stressful; trouble
but no; not; avoid
jiùblame; wrong; a mistake, an error

Line 6: 何校滅耳凶

wearing, bearing, carrying
xiàoa cangue, yoke (punitive headgear)
mièmiss; hide, bury, covering; deprived of
ěrthe ears
xiōngunfortunate, inauspicious, ominous, brutal

Practical Guidance

There's an obstacle that won't resolve through discussion, compromise, or time. Someone is actively blocking progress. Maybe malice, maybe incompetence, maybe conflicted incentives like HAL's impossible directives. Doesn't matter. The obstruction must be removed. You need measure. The text's guidance is critical—unqualified hardness is too violent. Firing everyone, burning the whole system down. Unqualified gentleness is too weak. Endless meetings, hoping the problem fixes itself. You need both: clarity to see exactly what the obstruction is, decisiveness to remove it. The progression through penalties maps to modern disciplinary systems: warning, written warning, PIP, termination. Start mild. If the behavior continues, escalate. The point isn't punishment as an end. It's removing the obstruction so the mouth can close, so union can be established, so actual work can proceed instead of being eternally blocked. Here's the danger in the upper line: becoming the obstruction yourself through obstinate refusal to adapt. If you're deaf to warnings, if you've turned incorrigible, eventually the cangue goes around your own neck. Self-awareness prevents this. Ask yourself: am I removing an obstruction, or am I being obstinate? Sometimes the kindest thing is swift decisive action. The endless performance improvement plan that everyone knows is theater? That's cruelty disguised as mercy. Bite through cleanly. Remove the obstacle. Move forward.

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