Judgment
Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through. Modesty is not weakness but a law that creates lasting success by inviting support rather than resistance.
Image
Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces what is too much and augments what is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Digital Relic

Ada Lovelace - Note G: The First Computer Algorithm
Ada Lovelace (1843)
In 1843, Ada Lovelace published her translation of Luigi Menabrea's paper on Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, appending seven notes labeled A through G. Note G contained something unprecedented: a complete algorithm for computing Bernoulli numbers, intended for mechanical execution. She outlined the sequence of operations, the looping structure, the variable manipulation—the first published program. But what makes this Hexagram 15 (Modesty) isn't the achievement itself; it's Ada's profound humility about what it meant. She wrote that the Analytical Engine "has no pretensions whatever to originate anything. It can do whatever we know how to order it to perform." Mountain beneath earth: immense technical insight hidden beneath clear-eyed recognition of limits. She saw both the revolutionary potential and the boundary—machines extend human intellect but don't replace it. The first programmer understood precisely what computing could and couldn't be, stating it with Victorian precision while everyone else oscillated between dismissal and magical thinking.
Historical Context
- Period
- Zhou Dynasty
- Oracle Bone Etymology
- Earth (☷) above, Mountain (☶) below—the mountain (height) hidden beneath earth (lowliness). High and low complement, creating the plain.
- Traditional Use
- The classical text describes modesty as the law of heaven, earth, and fate: the full is emptied, the modest is filled. Mountains wear down, valleys fill up. The modest cannot be passed by.
Lines
Line 1: 謙謙君子用涉大川吉
Line 2: 鳴謙貞吉
Line 3: 勞謙君子有終吉
Line 4: 無不利撝謙
Line 5: 不富以其鄰利用侵伐無不利
Line 6: 鳴謙利用行師征邑國
Practical Guidance
Transformations
When changing lines appear in a reading, this hexagram can transform into another.
Get an interactive reading with this hexagram
Try the Oracle →