Hexagram 61: 中孚

zhōng fúthe truth within; inner truth, central sincerity

Upper TrigramWind
Lower TrigramLake

Judgment

zhōngwithin, inside; central, core, internal, inner
truth; faith, trust, belief, conviction
túnpiglets, young pigs; sons
fish; daughters
promising, auspicious; lucky, fortunate
worthwhile, rewarding, favorable
shèto cross, ford, ferry, venture, experience
great, big, major
chuānstream, river, current, waters
worthwhile, rewarding, gainful
zhēnto persist, continue; be genuine, true, real

Inner Truth. Pigs and fishes. Good fortune. It furthers one to cross the great water. The force of inner truth, when genuine, can influence even the most difficult subjects. But this force is not simple intimacy—it must be based on steadfastness and what is right.

Image

lake, pool, pond, marsh
shàngabove, over, across, atop, on top of
yǒuis, there is
fēngwind
zhōngwithin
truth
jūnnoble, worthy, honored
young one, heir, disciple
accordingly, therefore, thus
discusses, deliberates, ponders, considers
legal recourse, process; justice; incarceration
huǎnto delay, stay, postpone, slow
execution, death, capital punishment

Wind over lake: the image of Inner Truth. Thus the superior man discusses criminal cases in order to delay executions. Wind stirs water by penetrating it. The superior man tries to penetrate minds with understanding to gain sympathetic appreciation of circumstances.

Digital Artifact

Linus Torvalds' First Linux Announcement

Linus Torvalds (1991)

August 25, 1991: Linus posts to comp.os.minix: 'I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.' No hype, no venture capital, no grand claims—just 'I'm doing this thing, here's what it is, here it is if you want it.' The inner truth of the project was immediately apparent: working code, practical design, genuine technical substance. The announcement was modest, almost apologetic. The reality underneath was solid. The hexagram shows firm lines above and below with openness in the center—'a heart free of prejudices and therefore open to truth.' Linus wasn't selling anything. He was sharing something that worked. The force of inner truth extended outward: people looked at the code, saw it was real, started contributing. By 1992, the project had serious contributors. By 1994, version 1.0. By 2000, it was running major infrastructure. The inner truth manifested as outer influence. The crane calls from the shade; its young answers.

Historical Context

Period
Zhou Dynasty
Oracle Bone Etymology
Wind (☴) above, Lake (☱) below—gentle penetration above joyous expression, firm lines in center indicating inner truth.
Traditional Use
Wilhelm: 'The force of inner truth must grow great indeed before its influence can extend to difficult subjects.' Inner truth is not simple intimacy but steadfastness based on what is right.

Lines

Line 1: 虞吉有他不燕

readiness, provision; preparedness, preparation
promising, auspicious, opportune, timely
yǒuto be, have, claim, assume, presume
more than this; extra, other
no, not much, very little
yàncomfort, calm, satisfy; rest, peace, ease

Line 2: 鳴鶴在陰其子和之我有好爵吾與爾靡之

míngcall, cry; voice, song, sound
crane
zàiremaining in; from; within, inside
yīnshadows, shade, darkness, mystery
her, its own
young ones, children, offspring
respond, reply to; harmonize with; answer
zhīher; to it, this
I, we
yǒuhave, hold, possess, bring
hǎofine, favorite, choice, good, excellent
juédecanter, goblet, carafe, bottle of wine
I, we
along with; help, assistance, support
ěryour; from you
will drain, empty, finish, consume, exhaust
zhīit, same, this

Line 3: 得敵或鼓或罷或泣或歌

finding, meeting, encountering, gaining
counterpart, match, equal
huòmaybe; perhaps, perchance; sometimes
to beat, bang on a drum
huòor maybe; perhaps, perchance; sometimes
to quit, stop, cease, leave off, rest
huòmaybe; perhaps, perchance; sometimes
to weep, cry, sob; tears
huòor maybe; perhaps, perchance; sometimes
to sing; song

Line 4: 月幾望馬匹亡無咎

yuèmoon
almost, nearly; approaches
wàngfull; fullness
horse
of a pair; team; mate, match
wángruns away, escapes, disappears, vanishes
no; not; nothing; without, with no
jiùblame; wrong; mistake, error

Line 5: 有孚攣如無咎

yǒubeing, holding; remembering
true, sincere; good faith, promises, trust
luánbond, contract
is like, as good as, quite
no; not; nothing; without
jiùblame; wrong; mistake

Line 6: 翰音登于天貞凶

hànrooster's, cock's; fancy feathers'
yīncrowing, announcement, messages
dēngascend, climb, mount, rise
up to, towards, into
tiānheaven, the sky, celestial
zhēnpersistence, resolve; to persist, continue
xiōngunfortunate, ill-omened; has pitfalls

Practical Guidance

Launch strategy circa 1991 versus 2025 hasn't changed much in essence. The market-speak approach says: build hype first, sell the vision before the substance exists, create excitement, manage perception, manufacture anticipation. Get people interested in what you're going to build. The Linux announcement went the other direction entirely. Linus had working code—not complete, not professional, but functional. He posted to a technical newsgroup: 'I'm doing this thing, it's just a hobby, here's what works, here's what doesn't, feedback welcome.' The substance preceded the announcement. The inner truth was there before he talked about it. Here's what the classical text makes explicit: 'The crane calls from the shade; its young answers. It may be quite hidden when it sounds its call; yet its young will hear its note, will recognize it and give answer.' You don't need the hype machine if the work is real. The people who understand what you're doing will recognize it. They'll respond. The circle grows naturally, not through marketing but through actual substance calling to those who can perceive it. The failure mode is trying to fake inner truth through better messaging. This doesn't work. People who actually understand the domain—the ones whose contributions you need—will immediately recognize whether the substance is there. The facade of truth without the reality produces exactly what Confucius warned about: 'The cock crows at dawn. But it cannot itself fly to heaven. It just crows. A man may count on mere words to awaken faith. This may succeed now and then, but if persisted in, it will have bad consequences.' Linus's announcement was almost comically modest: 'just a hobby, won't be big and professional.' But the code was real. He'd already ported bash and gcc. The thing actually worked. That inner truth—verifiable, testable, real—extended outward. By 1992, serious contributors. By 1994, version 1.0. By 2000, running infrastructure that mattered. Make the thing real first. Make it genuinely useful, even if small in scope. Then share it honestly, without inflating what it is or what it might become. The force of inner truth will extend outward if the truth is actually there. If the truth isn't there, no amount of announcement strategy will compensate. Do the work. Ship the working code. The influence follows, or it doesn't—but at least you're not crowing about flying to heaven while standing on the ground.

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