Hexagram 61: 中孚
zhōng fú —the truth within; inner truth, central sincerity
By Augustin Chan · Last updated 2025
Judgment
Inner Truth. Pigs and fishes. Good fortune. It furthers one to cross the great water. Perseverance furthers.
Image
Wind over lake: the image of Inner Truth. Thus the superior man discusses criminal cases in order to delay executions.
Historical Martyrdom

Lu Xiufu's Leap at Yamen
Lu Xiufu 陸秀夫 (AD 1279)
March 19, 1279. The Battle of Yamen. A thousand Song ships lashed together in the bay—numerous but encumbered—facing a smaller, more maneuverable Yuan fleet. Prime Minister Lu Xiufu watches the defense collapse. The eight-year-old Emperor Zhao Bing—last of the Song dynasty—stands beside him. According to the Song History tradition, Lu had already compelled his wife and children to enter the sea. The record states: '自負帝昺投海死'—carrying the emperor on his back, he entered the sea and died. Many officials and attendants followed. In the aftermath, vast numbers of bodies floated in the waters. This was not retreat, not survival, not strategic withdrawal. This was closure. Wind over Lake (☴☱): the hollow center that transmits truth without distortion. Lu Xiufu acted so that meaning itself would not be violated—so the dynasty would end on its own terms rather than be rewritten by conquerors. Inner Truth held so tightly that even death could not pry it loose.
Historical Context
- Period
- Zhou Dynasty
- Oracle Bone Etymology
- Wind (☴) sits above, Lake (☱) sits below—the gentle penetrating the joyous receptive.
- Traditional Use
- Inner Truth (中孚) describes the hollow reed or empty boat—forms that carry meaning precisely because they don't impose. The wind blows across the lake and creates ripples without touching the water directly. Wilhelm: 'The character fu means truth, but also represents a bird's claw grasping an egg—the delicate transfer that requires sincerity and precision.'
Lines
Line 1: 虞吉有他不燕
Line 2: 鳴鶴在陰其子和之我有好爵吾與爾靡之
Line 3: 得敵或鼓或罷或泣或歌
Line 4: 月幾望馬匹亡無咎
Line 5: 有孚攣如無咎
Line 6: 翰音登于天貞凶
Practical Guidance
Transformations
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